Patient preparation
Make clinic-approved information easier to navigate before appointments and procedures, with clear references back to the source.
Before the appointment
Contact the teamContactResearch-informed AI for clinics
PrepAId develops AI-assisted systems for patient preparation, communication and clinic workflows, informed by scientific research.
Built around clinic knowledge. Designed for human oversight.
01 / What we design
A clinic’s knowledge is valuable only when people can find it, understand it and know what to do next. We build the systems around that journey.
Make clinic-approved information easier to navigate before appointments and procedures, with clear references back to the source.
Before the appointmentHelp people find answers to routine questions and recognise when a conversation with their care team is needed.
Between visitsGive questions a clear route to the appropriate person, with the context needed to review and respond.
Behind every interactionDesigned for the workflow.
Adapted to the specialty.
Preparation and questions across a complex treatment journey. The focus of our PREP-AID prototype.
Opportunities to clarify appointment preparation, treatment information and routes back to the dental team.
A starting point for systems shaped by each clinic’s documents, people and responsibilities.
02 / How the connection works
We use AI to help patients navigate clinic-approved information and support question routing, with clear references, defined limits and human oversight.
Explore a patient question
Illustrative workflow. These examples explain the approach; they do not provide clinical advice.
“Where can I find my preparation instructions?”
Find the matching approved document and show a reference the patient can open. Keep the answer within the information available.
“My question isn’t covered in the guide.”
When approved sources do not support an answer, say so clearly and point the patient to their clinic’s contact route.
“I need to discuss a concern with my care team.”
Route the question according to the clinic’s escalation process, retaining relevant context for staff review. The clinic defines responsibility and response timing.
03 / From principle to project
Development prototypeA project in fertility care
An AI-assisted fertility-care prototype exploring how patients can navigate reviewed information before treatment, while keeping questions connected to the people responsible for care.
Explore the development notesThe starting point for patient information.
Responses include references to source sections and pages.
Questions can enter a human review workflow.
The project handover describes source retrieval, citations, rule-based checks, AI-assisted routing and a staff escalation queue. These are prototype design features.
Software testing alone cannot establish clinical effectiveness. Patient understanding, workflow fit, escalation reliability and real-world outcomes require evaluation in the intended care setting.
PREP-AID project documentation, 2025. Experimental educational support under development; clinical effectiveness has not been established.
04 / Research & responsibility
Healthcare technology earns trust through clarity, review and evidence from the setting where it will be used. These principles guide what we aim to build.
Agree on the task, the people it supports and the limits of automation.
Use reviewed information and make the basis of a response open to inspection.
Define who reviews a question, how it reaches them and what happens next.
Examine understanding, usability, risks and workflow impact with the intended users.
Defined tasks, stakeholder involvement and explicit attention to risks.
NICE / Evidence standardsA framework for planning and evaluating evidence for digital health technologies.
FUTURE-AI / BMJ 2025Traceability, usability and robustness alongside fairness and explainability.
External research references. They do not imply endorsement, certification or demonstrated effectiveness of PrepAId systems.
05 / Our team
Our team brings together scientific and software development, reproductive medicine, human factors, and patient experience research.

AI, Educational Technology & Human-Centred Intelligent Systems
Dr. Gayane Sedrakyan is an Assistant Professor at the University of Twente and Scientific Lead of Living Models Lab and PrepAId, specializing in Educational Information Systems, human-centred AI, and intelligent technologies for healthcare and patient education.
Building on nearly two decades of research and software engineering experience, she initiated the HiCARE framework and founded PrepAId and PrepAId-IVF, translating research into safe, personalised patient education and guidance.
She is an Associate Editor of Frontiers in Digital Health (Health Informatics section) and a member of the Technology for Women’s Health group at the University of Twente. Her research explores safe zones for responsible AI adoption in clinical practice.

Clinical expertise, patient safety & clinical validation
Gayane Arustamyan is a practicing obstetrician-gynecologist and reproductive medicine specialist with clinical expertise in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and fertility treatments. Her work focuses on reproductive healthcare, fertility management, and supporting patients throughout their fertility treatment journey.
Her clinical perspective contributes to the PrepAId research on safe AI-assisted patient education and support, particularly in identifying patient information needs, distinguishing routine educational questions from those requiring clinical judgement, and evaluating safe escalation pathways in fertility care.

Human factors, usability & safe technology adoption
Dr. Simone Borsci is an Associate Professor of Human Factors and Cognitive Ergonomics at the University of Twente, also affiliated with the UK’s National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). He specializes in human–AI interaction, usability, user experience, and human-centred healthcare technology.
His expertise contributes to PrepAId research through the evaluation of patient–AI interactions, usability, trust, and the safe integration of AI-assisted patient education into clinical workflows, with particular attention to human factors, technology adoption, and patient safety.

Patient-centred research & experience design
Valeria Reséndez is a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Twente, specializing in human factors and the interaction between users and AI-driven technologies. Her research examines how people perceive, evaluate, and interact with AI systems, with a particular focus on trust, user needs, and technology acceptance.

Product development, integration & technical validation
Ahmed Almuhandes is a Master’s student in Business Information Technology at the University of Twente, specialising in Enterprise Architecture and IT Management. With a Bachelor’s degree in Software Engineering, his expertise spans software development, digital transformation, and AI-driven information systems.
06 / For clinic leaders
A useful starting point is a question patients ask repeatedly, a preparation journey that causes confusion, or a handoff that needs clearer ownership.
Three questions to begin with